Which method is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?

Filtration is the method used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. This process involves passing the mixture through a filter, which allows the liquid (the filtrate) to pass through while retaining the solid particles (the residue) on the filter paper. The solid does not dissolve in the liquid, making it possible to physically separate the two components based on their states.

Evaporation is primarily used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid solution by turning the liquid into vapor, leaving the solid behind. Distillation is used for separating liquids with different boiling points or to purify liquids by removing impurities. Centrifugation utilizes centrifugal force to separate components based on density, but it is not specifically designed for separating insoluble solids from liquids in a straightforward manner like filtration does.