When is a reactant considered limiting?

A reactant is considered limiting when it is used up completely before the other reactants in a chemical reaction. This is crucial because the limiting reactant determines the extent of the reaction and how much product can be formed. Once the limiting reactant is exhausted, the reaction cannot proceed any further, even if other reactants are still available in excess.

In contrast, reactants that are present in excess can continue to exist even after the limiting reactant is depleted, which is why understanding which reactant is limiting is essential for calculating the yield of a reaction. The other options do not accurately define a limiting reactant: being present in excess does not qualify as limiting, relative atomic mass does not influence which reactant is limiting, and the production of the most products is not necessarily linked to the concept of limiting reactants. Hence, understanding the definition and role of the limiting reactant is fundamental in stoichiometry and predicting outcomes in chemical reactions.