What happens to the electrons at the cathode?

At the cathode during electrolysis, positive ions gain electrons through a process known as reduction. This is because the cathode is defined as the electrode where reduction occurs – it is the site of the reaction that adds electrons to species present in the solution or melted ionic compound.

In the context of this situation, positive ions are attracted to the negatively charged cathode and accept electrons from it. This results in a decrease in the charge of the ions (thus, they are ‘gaining’ electrons), facilitating their transition into neutral atoms or molecules. This process is crucial in electrochemical cells and various applications like electroplating and battery operations, where the flow of electrons serves to drive the necessary chemical reactions.